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Patrice de MacMahon, Duke of Magenta
Marshal Marie Esme Patrice Maurice de MacMahon, 1st Duke of Magenta ((:patʁis də makma.ɔ̃); 13 June 1808 – 17 October 1893), was a French general and politician with the distinction Marshal of France. He served as ''Chief of State'' of France from 1873 to 1875 and as the second president of the Third Republic, from 1875 to 1879. He won national renown and the presidency on the basis of his military actions in the war against the Germans. MacMahon was a devout conservative Catholic, a traditionalist who despised socialism and strongly distrusted the secular Republicans. He took very seriously his duty as the neutral guardian of the Constitution and rejected suggestions of a monarchist coup d'état. He also refused to meet with Gambetta, the leader of the Republicans. He moved for a parliamentary system in which the assembly selected the ruling government of the Third Republic, but he also insisted on an upper chamber. He later dissolved the Chamber of Deputies, resulting in public outrage and Republican electoral victory. MacMahon soon resigned and retired to private life.
==Early life==
Patrice de MacMahon (as he was usually known before being elevated to a ducal title in his own right) was born in Sully (near Autun), in the ''département'' of Saône-et-Loire. He was the 16th of 17 children of a family already in the French nobility (his grandfather Jean-Baptiste de MacMahon was named Marquis de MacMahon and Marquis d'Eguilly (from his wife Charlotte Le Belin, Dame d' Eguilly) by King Louis XV, and the family in France had decidedly royalist politics).
His ancestors were part of the Dál gCais〔genealogy of MacMahon family http://www.familyhistoryireland.com/genealogy-blog/item/30-did-marshal-patrice-macmahon-have-a-bosnian-family-connection〕 and were Lords of Corcu Baiscind in Ireland. After losing much of their land in the Cromwellian confiscations, a branch moved to Limerick for a time before settling in France during the reign of King William III because of their support of the deposed King James II.〔Firinne, D.H. and Eugene O'Curry, ''Life of Marshal MacMahon, Duke of Magenta.'' (The "Irishman" Office, Dublin, 1859) pp. 5–6.〕 They applied for French citizenship in 1749.
Patrice de MacMahon was educated at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand and at the Academy of St-Cyr, graduating in 1827.
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